https://tryout.nlbif.nl/manage/metadata-additional.do?r=distributionmatrixeuropeanfrogs bfc5f107-6124-45d5-9256-ff9a9e8fbe19 https://ipt.nlbif.nl/resource?r=distributionmatrixeuropeanfrogs Milan van Hirtum Naturalis Biodiversity Center milan.vanhirtum@naturalis.nl 2026-06-15 eng This distribution matrix was created for the anurans (frogs and toads) in all European countries, larger islands and separate territories located within Europe (47 regions in total). All 53 European anuran species have been included, with their occurrences marked as present (1) or absent (0) in all regions. Due to the large biodiversity of the Iberian Peninsula, there is a separate regional matrix included. This second matrix contains 15 regions, with most Spanish Comunidades autónomas and the two archipelagos of Portugal (Azores and Macaronesia). Some small Comunidades have been combined: Picos = Asturias and Cantabria, W Pyrenees = Pais Vasco, Navarra and La Rioja and C Spain = Madrid and Castilla-La Mancha. Checklist Europe Anura Frogs Toads Iberia Spain GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml Work on sound recognition of grasshoppers, bats and amphibians is conducted as part of the EU Horizon projects TETTRIs and MAMBO. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or REA. To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction. Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html CC0-1.0 Europe -180 180 90 -90 Anura The aim of this matrix is to support a bioacoustics recognition model for all European anuran species, which is being developed by Jagoda Hanuszewicz at Naturalis Biodiversity Center. This matrix is based on the book Field Guide to the Amphibians & Reptiles of Britain and Europe (Speybroeck et al, 2016), further referred to as FGAR. Next to the native range, as presented by FGAR, introduced populations have also been included, as the aim of this matrix is to support an acoustic recognition model. This way, the matrix shows all possible species which can be recorded in every country and island, not just the native inhabitants. A list of introduced species per region is included below. It also includes two commonly accepted species of hybrids with a wide distribution, Pelophylax kl. grafi (P. perezi x P. ridibundus) and Pelophylax kl. esculentus (P. lessonae x P. ridibundus). As the distribution maps in FGAR can be unclear for the distribution in smaller islands, these have been checked using separate literature (Egea-Serrano, 2015; Pinya & Carretero, 2011; Malkmus, 2011; Gabriel & Borges, 2022; Kunkel, 1976). Also, Cyprus is not within the area treated by FGAR but is added to the matrix as it is an European island. This has caused the inclusion of three extra species to the matrix, Hyla savignyi, Pelophylax cypriensis and Bufotes cypriensis (Baier et al, 2013; Plötner et al, 2015; Dufresnes et al, 2019; Speybroeck et al, 2020). Furthermore, there have been some recent developments in anuran taxonomy and nomenclature. For instance, genetic analysis shows a diversification in Midwife toads, Alytes spp. (Dufresnes and Hernandez, 2021). This paper shows that there are two species present in Northern Iberia (A. obstreticans + A. almogavarii), with multiple genetic lineages, with suggested subspecies status. Following Speybroeck et al (2020), these subspecies have not been included in the matrix, but it is good to keep in mind that these might be updated to species level in later years. A. almogavarii was not included in FGAR but has been added to the matrix following these authors in 2020. The parsley frogs (Pelodytes spp.) also show genetic divergence within Iberia. Diaz-Rodriguez and colleagues (2017) reveal two new species: P. atlanticus and P. hespericus. In this matrix, P. atlanticus has been included due to its clear distribution pattern, limited to Portugal where it is the only extant species of this complex. P. hespericus has not been included, following Speybroeck et al (2020). It does however show acoustic divergence from the rest of the species complex, which may lead to further research and accepted species status in the future (Diaz-Rodriguez et al, 2017). Furthermore, a new species has recently been split from the Pelobates syriacus complex, P. balcanicus (Dufresnes et al, 2019). It occupies the western range in the Southern Balkans. P. syriacus is restricted on the European continent to SE Bulgaria, European Turkey and several eastern Aegean island including Limnos, Lesbos and Kos and its distribution ranges further east. Rana parvipalmata has also recently been distinguished as a new species by Dufresnes and colleagues (2020). It occupies Galicia and Asturias in NW Iberia, with R. temporaria extending from Cantabria to the rest of Europe. Next, some authors distinguish a separate species within the Pelophylax ridibundus complex: P. kurtmuelleri (Lukanov et al, 2015). This taxon occupies the southern Balkan countries and Greece, with an unknown number of introductions in other European countries. It has been shown to have differing acoustics and a genetic divergence. Even though it is available on Xeno-Canto.org, it is not included in the matrix due to uncertainty in molecular differences to P. ridibundus and an unclear distribution, following FGAR and Speybroeck et al (2020). Finally, the Italian pool frog (P. lessonae bergeri) is a subspecies with species potential. It occupies the Italian peninsula and the island of Corsica. Introduced populations according to FGAR: Xenopus laevis: Non-European species from C and S Africa. Next to the distribution in FGAR, it has been recorded in Portugal (Ferreira, 2014) Alytes obstreticans: UK (FGAR), Balearic Islands (Pinya & Carretero, 2011) Discoglossus pictus: European mainland populations stem from ancient introductions to Spain and France from Algeria Bufotes viridis: Balearic Islands (Pinya & Carretero, 2011) Hyla meridionalis: Balearic Islands (Pinya & Carretero, 2011). Possibly all the populations in mainland Europe stem from multiple ancient introductions from N Africa (FGAR). Native in Canary Islands though (Kunkel,1976). Rana dalmatina: Netherlands (small population, not included in matrix) Pelophylax ridibundus: Italy, Sardinia Pelophylax perezi: UK (FGAR), Balearic Islands (Pinya & Carretero, 2011), Madeira (Malkmus, 2011), Canary Islands (Kunkel, 1976) Pelophylax shqipericus: Italy (small population, not included in matrix) Pelophylax cf. bedriagae: Malta (FGAR), Cyprus (Plötner et al, 2015) Lithobates catesbeianus: Non-European species from N America Matrix Creator: Milan van HirtumMain Source: Speybroeck, J., Beukema, W., Bok, B., & Voort, J. (2016), Field Guide to the Amphibians & Reptiles of Britain and EuropeReviewer: Jagoda Hanuszewicz unknown Milan van Hirtum Naturalis Biodiversity Center milan.vanhirtum@naturalis.nl 2026-06-10T09:40:28.343+00:00 dataset Baier, F., Sparrow, D. J., & Wiedl, H. (2013). The amphibians and reptiles of Cyprus (2nd rev. & updated ed.). Frankfurt/M., Germany: Edition Chimaira Díaz-Rodríguez, J., Gehara, M., Márquez, R., Vences, M., Gonçalves, H., Sequeira, F., Martínez-Solano, I., & Tejedo, M. (2017). Integration of molecular, bioacoustical and morphological data reveals two new cryptic species of Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae) from the Iberian Peninsula. Zootaxa, 4243(1), 1–41. Dufresnes, C., Mazepa, G., Jablonski, D., Oliveira, R. C., Wenseleers, T., Shabanov, D. A., Auer, M., Ernst, R., Koch, C., Ramírez-Chaves, H. E., Mulder, K. P., Simonov, E., Tiutenko, A., Kryvokhyzha, D., Wennekes, P. L., Zinenko, O. I., Korshunov, O. V., Al-Johany, A. M., Peregontsev, E. A., Litvinchuk, S. (2019). Fifteen shades of green: The evolution of Bufotes toads revisited. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 141, 106615. Dufresnes, C., Nicieza, A. G., Litvinchuk, S. N., Rodrigues, N., Jeffries, D. L., Vences, M., Perrin, N., & Martínez‐Solano, Í. (2020). Are glacial refugia hotspots of speciation and cytonuclear discordances? Answers from the genomic phylogeography of Spanish common frogs. Molecular Ecology, 29(5), 986-1000. Dufresnes, C., & Hernandez, A. (2021). Phylogeographic advances in midwife toads (Alytes) support the existence of a novel taxon endemic to the Central Pyrenees. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59(8), 2170–2179. Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys, 859: 131–158. Egea-Serrano, A. (2015). La rana común (Pelophylax perezi) en las islas Baleares e islas Canarias. Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española, 26(2), 23–26. Ferreira, A. (2014). Age structure and growth of invasive populations of the frog Xenopus laevis in Portugal: A skeletochronological approach. Gabriel, R., & Borges, P. A. V. (2022). Guia prático da fauna terrestre dos Açores / Field guide of Azorean terrestrial fauna (pp. 228–229). Instituto Açoriano de Cultura. Kunkel, G. (1976). Biogeography and ecology in the Canary Islands. Springer Netherlands. Lukanov, S., Tzankov, N., & Simeonovska-Nikolova, D. (2015). A comparative study of the mating call of Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Anura: Ranidae) from syntopic and allotopic populations. Journal of Natural History, 49(5–8), 257–272. Malkmus, R. (2011). Die Herpetofauna der portugiesischen Küstenregion. 18, 221–254. Pinya Fernández, S., & Carretero, M. (2011). The Balearic herpetofauna: A species update and a review on the evidence. Acta Herpetologica, 6, 59–80. Plötner, J., Pekşen, Ç. A., Baier, F., Uzzell, T., & Bilgin, C. (2015). Genetic evidence for human-mediated introduction of Anatolian water frogs (Pelophylax cf. bedriagae) to Cyprus (Amphibia: Ranidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 61, 1–8. Speybroeck, J., Beukema, W., Bok, B., & Voort, J. (2016). Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Britain and Europe. Speybroeck, J., Beukema, W., Dufresnes, C., Fritz, U., Jablonski, D., Lymberakis, P., Martínez-Solano, I., Razzetti, E., Vamberger, M., Vences, M., Vörös, J., & Crochet, P.-A. (2020). Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. Amphibia-Reptilia, 41(2), 139-189. https://ipt.nlbif.nl/resources/logo_Naturalis_rood.png https://ipt.nlbif.nl/resource?id=distributionmatrixeuropeanfrogs/v1.2.xml