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資料紀錄
此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 15,435 筆紀錄。
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版本
以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。
如何引用
研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:
van Klink R, Gerrits G (2025). Biological Station Wijster standard trapping program: Sampling event data for ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Version 1.2. Netherlands Biodiversity Information Facility (NLBIF). Samplingevent dataset. https://tryout.nlbif.nl/resource?r=bsw1959-1966&v=1.2
權利
研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:
此資料的發布者及權利單位為 WBBS foundation。 To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.
GBIF 註冊
此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: 776f3477-2a0d-407d-8332-5bd6b1a31b4a。 WBBS foundation 發佈此資源，並經由Netherlands Biodiversity Information Facility同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。
關鍵字
Samplingevent; Humboldt extension; Carabidae; Ground beetles; heathland; heather forest; bog; historic data; pitfall trapping
聯絡資訊
- 出處 ●
- 連絡人
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-1463
- 出處
- 內容提供者
地理涵蓋範圍
The samples were taken in forests, heathlands and bogs in the province of Drenthe, The Netherlands
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [52.779, 6.402], 緯度北界 經度東界 [52.836, 6.615] |
|---|
分類群涵蓋範圍
Target group of the monitoring program was ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Arthropoda |
| Class | Insecta |
| Order | Coleoptera |
| Family | Carabidae |
時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 1959-03-01 / 1967-02-22 |
|---|
計畫資料
The present project aimed to digitize 10% of the dataset, which will be the start of the complete disclosure and digital free and FAIR availability of all data from the Wijster ground beetle survey. The project envisioned digitizing and publishing a stand-alone dataset that can be used directly for biodiversity research. This involves the digitizing all species captured in the early years of the research (the period 1959-1967). Because it was unclear how fast the digitization will proceed, the following years were prioritized: 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1961. These years were selected to provide baseline data for a maximum number of locations that are presently still monitored.
| 計畫名稱 | Pilotproject voor het ontsluiten van data uit het langlopende Wijster loopkeveronderzoek |
|---|---|
| 辨識碼 | nlbif2023.008 |
| 經費來源 | NLBIF grant number nlbif2023.008 DFG grant number FZT 118 |
| Project Award |
Pilotproject voor het ontsluiten van data uit het langlopende Wijster loopkeveronderzoek NLBIF nlbif2023.008 |
參與計畫的人員:
取樣方法
Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were sampled year-round in square metal pitfall traps with a perimeter of 1 m. The traps were custom made, based on an earlier design used in the Meijendel coastal dunes (Gerrits and Hemerik 2022). The traps consisted of an outer trap and an inner trap, the latter of which could be lifted out of the outer trap, emptied, and placed back with minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil and vegetation. A small hole, covered with mesh provided drainage of rain water. After 1959, protective covers were placed over the pitfalls to avoid rain, sand and debris building up inside the traps. These were made from opaque metal sheets placed a few centimeters above the trap using pins in the sand. The traps were placed in groups of three (hereafter referred to as a 'series'), typically set in a straight line with 10m distance between traps, with the middle trap containing a metal funnel equipped with a container filled with 3% formaldehyde solution as killing agent. The two outer traps did not contain killing preservative and the beetles remained alive in these traps until collection. The initial purpose for the live traps was to provide a constant supply of living beetles to be used in ecological experiments. Mostly, however, the beetles trapped in the live traps were killed and collected for identification. The historical locations of the trap series were obtained from a range of sources, including publications (Den Boer & van Dijk 1994), reports (Van Tol 2000, Verhagen 2005), historical maps and field notes. The coordinates provided in the DWC archive represent the locations to the best of our knowledge, pieced together from the various sources and descriptions. Their accuracy varies between 20 and 10000m. Each sampling year ran from March 1st until February 28 (29th) of the next year, with some variation around these dates (see Data Range). The traps were typically emptied weekly, on the same week day, but this was variable in winter, with occasionally longer trapping periods around the holidays. All collected specimens were identified to species level, enumerated, and in most cases separated between males and females by ground-beetle specialists working at the BSW. In the historical period some species pairs were not (always) separated reliably (Den Boer pers.comm. 1999, Van Dijk pers. comm. 1999): • Calathus melanocephalus / C. cinctus ( = C. erythroderus) • Bradycellus collaris (= B. caucasicus) / B. harpalinus • Pterostichus nigrita / P. rhaeticus • Bembidion lampros / B. properans (always called B. lampros) • Poecilus versicolor (= Pterostichus coerulescens) / P. cupreus. Poecilus cupreus is presently (since 2002) present in the traps, but it is unclear if it occurred in the historical period. This species pair was not flagged in 1999 by the original data collectors) In addition, additional species may have been overlooked in the following genera (Den Boer 1999 pers. comm.): • Agonum fuliginosum (may have been mixed with A. gracile and possibly other Agonum species). • Asaphidion flavipes group • Amara • Harpalus
| 研究範圍 | Samples were taken on a mostly weekly basis in the years 1959, 1961, 1963, 1965 and 1966 using pitfall traps. The traps were placed year-round in remnant forests, heathlands and bogs in the province of Drenthe, The Netherlands. Specifically, the following locations were sampled, which are now mostly under nature protection: Mantingerbos, National Park Dwingelderveld, Hullenzand (part of Mantingerveld), Bargerveen, Dalerpeel, and locations in the towns of Wijster (on the property of the Biological Station Wijster), Bruntinge and Eursinge. |
|---|---|
| 品質控管 | We used double entry for quality control of our work, and additionally compared it to several sources of data, aiming for a <0.1% error rate: 1) We compared our row and column sums to those on the paper sheets. The row and column totals on the year-sheets were almost perfect matches with the single entries, showing the high quality of the archive. 2) We compared our list of species per year and the number of individuals caught per species to those published by Den Boer (1977). 3) we compared our data entry of 30 paper sheets (six sheets per year of two rare, two intermediate, and two abundant species, with a total 6326 entries) to the previous partial digitization of these species, and checked each mismatch with the original paper sheets. This showed no errors in our data entry. |
方法步驟描述:
- Beetles were collected and stored at the Biological Station Wijster, starting in 1959
- Beetles were identified and counted and the information was stored in note books
- The data were transferred to data sheets, one sheet per species per year (March – February). Row and column totals were calculated and stored on the sheets
- 1998: Dissolution of the Biological Station Wijster. The data sheets were archived in Naturalis Biodiversity Center and a copy was stored at WBBS Foundation, Loon, The Netherlands
- 2023: We performed a complete inventory of sheets in the archive at Naturalis, and made copies of the sheets missing in the archive of the WBBS foundation
- We then digitized each sheet in Excel and checked that the column totals matched those of the paper data sheets
- In R, we transformed all excel sheets to long format and concatenated them. zero counts were removed, and only restored for events where no ground beetles were collected. We generated the event data from the concatenated data. For details on quality control, see above.
收藏資料
| 蒐藏名稱 | Naturalis Biodiversity Center |
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| 標本保存方法 | Alcohol, Pinned |
|---|
引用文獻
- Den Boer, P.J., 1968. Spreading of risk and stabilization of animal numbers. Acta Biotheoretica 18, 165–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01556726 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01556726
- Den Boer, P.J., 1977. Dispersal power and survival - Carabids in a cultivated countryside, Miscellaneous papers of the Landbouw Hogeschool Wageningen. Veenman en zonen B.V., Wageningen.
- Den Boer, P.J., Reddingius, J., 1996. Regulation and stabilization paradigms in population ecology. Chapman & Hall, London, New York. ISBN: 0-412-57540-X
- Gerrits, G.M., Hemerik, L., 2022. Occurrence data on beetles (Coleoptera) collected in Dutch coastal dunes between 1953 and 1960. Biodiversity Data Journal 10, e90103. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e90103 https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e90103
- Van Klink, R., Bowler, D.E., Gongalsky, K.B., Swengel, A.B., Gentile, A., Chase, J.M., 2020. Meta-analysis reveals declines in terrestrial but increases in freshwater insect abundances. Science 368, 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.AAX9931 https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.AAX9931
- Van Klink, R., Lepš, J., Vermeulen, R., de Bello, F., 2019. Functional differences stabilize beetle communities by weakening interspecific temporal synchrony. Ecology 100, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2748 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2748
- Vermeulen, R., de Vries, H.H., Woldering, A., van der Laaken, K., Van Klink, R., 2023. Loopkeversamenstelling Mantingerbos sterk veranderd in zestig jaar. De Levende Natuur 124, 189–194.
額外的詮釋資料
The original paper sheets are stored in the archive of Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Originally, all samples and by-catch were stored at the BSW. When the BSW was dissolved in 1998, part of the samples were stored at Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Of the large amount of original material, it was decided that the catch from all funnel traps was stored for every fourth year (1959 and 1963) for the present dataset. In addition, the catch from the funnel traps was stored for all years for specific locations: B, N, AY and BJ, and all material from all traps in other rare habitat types: (locations G, L, O, Y, AB, BN, BO, TA, TB, TC, TD, TE, TF). All this information is available in the Humboldt extension file.
| 致謝 | This work was funded by NLBIF grant nlbif2023.008 |
|---|---|
| Introduction | The ground beetle monitoring program of Biological Station Wijster (BSW), then part of Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, was started in 1959 to study population dynamics, using ground beetles as a study stystem (Den Boer 1968, Den Boer 1977). Some of the primary aims were to test paradigms of population regulation and stabilization (Den Boer & Reddingius 1994), and the importance of dispersal. The research was conducted in various nature reserves in the province of Drenthe, where sites were specifically chosen to represent 'stable' and 'unstable' habitats. The focus of the first sampling sites lay on heathlands, forests and boggy sites. The studied landscape had already become extremely fragmented by agricultural expansion, providing an opportunity to test the probability of extinction of species with differing dispersal capacities (Den Boer 1977). |
| Getting Started | The DWC archive contains the sampling event level data for the years 1959, 1961, 1963, 1965 and 1966. The beetles were collected year-round, starting around March 1 each year (see data paper for details). Each trap was emptied weekly, with some exceptions (see Datapaper), and the catch per trap per collection date is reported in the DWC archive. On dates when the catch was not collected, the traps were functional, and the catch accumulated until the next date, hence the samplingEffort in terms of trap-days varies somewhat. On dates where the traps were emptied but no beetles were observed, are included in the DWC archive with ScientificName = 'Carabidae', and IndividualCount = 0. After dissolution of the biological station in 1998, the original samples, including by-catch were stored for specific years and traps at Naturalis Biodiversity Center. This information is available in the Humboldt extension file. Hierarchy and nestedness of events The traps were always positioned in groups of three, where two traps kept the beetles alive, and one trap contained a funnel leading to a vial containing a 3 % formaldehyde solution as preservative. The three traps at each location summed over the whole year form a 'year series', which has been used as input for most ecological analyses (See for example Den Boer 1977, Van Klink et al. 2019, Vermeulen et al. 2023, Van Klink et al. 2020. The events contain four hierarchical levels: 1) Collection event: the ground beetle catch at the date on which each individual trap was emptied. 2) Trap-year: the grouping of all events within the year from 1 March – 28/29 February for a specific trap. At this level, the trapping methods are consistent for all child-events (i.e. live trap or funnel trap) and samples have been selected for storage at Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 3) Series-year: this is the aggregate level of the combined three traps for a year (1 March – 28/29 February) at which ecological analyses are typically performed, and the level at which locations are unique. 4) Dataset: This is the highest level, containing all standard trapping of the Biological Station Wijster and its successor, the WBBS Foundation. Other data collected under auspices of the BSW and the WBBS Foundation, will be stored under different dataset names. |
| 目的 | Since 1959, ground beetles have been monitored in the Dutch province Drenthe using standard trapping methods at fixed locations. This makes it the oldest still running monitoring program for terrestrial insects. The original purpose of the monitoring program was to study the dynamics of isolated populations, but later questions about habitat restoration and climate change gained in prominence. In this dataset, we publish the weekly catch data per trap, starting with the years 1959, 1961, 1963, 1965 and 1966. Other years will be published as more data are digitized over the coming years. |
| 維護說明 | New data will be added as they become available. |
| 替代的識別碼 | 776f3477-2a0d-407d-8332-5bd6b1a31b4a |
| https://ipt.nlbif.nl/resource?r=bsw_standard_series |